1833 Factory Act - Daily Grind
In the early years of the Industrial Revolution there were few restrictions on the new mills and factories. Thousands of children worked in them for long hours in dangerous conditions. In the 19th century, campaigners such as the Ten-Hour Movement called for change, but new laws restricting child labour could not be enforced. That changed after the 1833 Factory Act introduced a small inspectorate to enforce laws preventing the employment of children under nine, applying restrictions on working hours for the under-18s, and ensuring provision of some education. These laws were extended throughout the century.
Although children were better protected, many of them were unable to attend school. The Education Act 1870 established school boards to build schools when none were available through churches or charities, and later on primary schooling became compulsory. In 1944, that was extended to secondary education, which was provided, free for all, until the age of 15.
