Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) was a lawyer, politician and the first leader of Pakistan. After spells studying and practising law in England he returned permanently to his homeland in the 1930s where he took up leadership of the Muslim League.In the years leading up to independence, Indian politics was fractious as demonstrated by the revolutionary aura of Gandhi and the populism of Nehru's Indian National Congress Party. Jinnah's approach was a vehement partisanship committed to the realisation of a sovereign Muslim nation created by the end of colonial rule.This Cabinet Report was published in the summer of 1946 as negotiations reached yet another stalemate and the UK Government struggled to find a solution to the Indian question. The following year, in light of further sectarian violence the British began their exit from India. Jinnah's dream for Pakistan was achieved in August 1947. Health issues had plagued him for many years and he died the following year to mass national mourning.